Chess Book for the  Ordinary Mortals  

Chapter 2: Opening Play

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I said in the introductory passages that this book would not go into openings theory in depth.  However, because of the huge importance of the opening phase, some morsels of advice will be sprinkled before the reader.  Play through the following games and see what you think.  The big headache for weaker players especially, and for anyone who hasn't the ability to absorb countless opening variations and their underlying strategies is….   a) for White, consolidating the advantage of having the first move (to leave good attacking chances and a solid defence for the crucial middle-game), and b) for Black, catching up that first move to leave no inherent weaknesses.

Choosing something to suit your style.

What has persuaded the reader to take up the openings he or she has?  One likely reason is that, if you have followed grandmaster play at all, these openings seem to be the current 'in thing'….  and, "if they're good enough for Kasparov and Co they are OK for me"!  This may not be so.  The top players, with their deeper grasp of both strategy and tactics, usually look to complicate a game.  If it is too simple it may be easier for one or the other to turn it into a draw.  A simpler opening may be better for you, however.

The opening is a part of the game where you should be reacting to your opponent's moves but also trying to impose your own strategy on the game.  You should be aware in a general sense of what he is up to and most players are.  Some openings make it clear from the first three or four moves just what you can expect from your opponent.  For example, he may be a very tactical player and come at you from move one: no hidden agenda here!  If you play an opening defence that you are not too sure of against one of these tigers you may quickly be torn to shreds.  This happens predominantly in the e4 category of openings and more so if you, as black, have responded with 1…e5.  There is no time to go your own way against these players: you are usually reacting to each and every move right from the start.

It is amazing, though, how often 'old-fashioned' openings may be re-introduced.  Years ago I regularly set out to play Petroff's Defence against  1.e4.  Virtually no-one in league or tournament play (at my level) knew much about it and I had good results with it because of this.  When Korchnoi reached the World Championship Candidates final in 1974 he tried it twice against Karpov – with disastrous results.  But, suddenly, the spotlight had been turned on this 'unknown' defence …with consequently harder games for the author!

The most successful defence against e4 – if you wish to avoid giving White too many choices by responding with  1. ..e5 – is, arguably, the Sicilian Defence.  This has certainly stood the test of time at all levels.  The only reason I didn't play it when 'in my prime' was the number of variations one had to learn.  I believed I had a poor memory.  (Strangely, now that my memory must have deteriorated with age, I have adopted this defence and with some success!).  But, this is a valid reason for discarding some openings … if your memory is poor or if you are just too lazy to memorise umpteen variations, avoid if you can that type of opening.

Another factor which greatly increased my success rate was simply in knowing what that success rate was!!!  I always played 1.e4 (or, pawn to king four, as it was then), fondly imagining that I had a good positive score with it.  One day I sat down and analysed my success rate with the openings I was then using.  Yes, if my opponent had replied with 1. ..e5 I had a two-to-one plus score.  But if the frequently-used Sicilian was the reply, I had a loss rate; against the French it was about even; miscellaneous other defences attracted good results for white.  I immediately became a convert to 1. d4.  If the reader, playing white, is troubled by defences against e4, I would recommend giving d4 or c4 a try (or any of the 'concealed' variations of these).  The one well-known advantage of moving the queen's pawn as against e4 is that you are not immediately setting up an undefended target for Black.

Let us consider a few types of openings and their themes.  Have a go at those which you  think may suit your style of play.

Gambits and sacrificial openings.

One defence/attack where both sides seem to throw away several recommended opening principles (and yet it is still brought out of the closet on occasion by even strong players) is that employed in the following game.  Usually a gambit involves giving up one pawn -  for quicker or better development – but here Black is invited to make a meal out of a whole chain of pawns.  It is the classic case of greed versus development; grab material and to hell with any come-uppance.  The opening is the Danish Gambit.

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Game 18.         Leicestershire League game, 1976. 

Author v  M Cowley

1

e4

e5

 

2

Nf3

Nc6

 

3

Bc4

Bc5

 

4

c3

Nf6

 

5

d4

exd4

 

6

0-0

 

The 'safe' line for Black here is to give back his extra pawn by castling.  However, accepting the gambit is perfectly in order provided one remembers the maxim 'be prepared to give back material at any time to gain position'.  The greed factor in all of us sometimes just won't let us do that

 

…..

dxc3

 

7

e5

cxb2

The Danish!  Three pawns up already can't be bad …can it?

8

Bxb2

 

Apart from the undeveloped Q-side knight, White is already strongly placed for an attack

 

…..

Ng4

 

9

Bxf7+

 

White's first move in the attack is to stop Black from castling

 

…..

Kf8

(If ..Kxf7,  Qd5+ soon gets the bishop back and puts a dangerous-looking queen in the centre of the board.)

10

Bh5

d6

 

11

exd6

 

With his better development and the Black king still stranded, White seeks to open up attacking files and diagonals.  Note that Black is only one meagre pawn up now at the cost of a terribly open position

 

…..

Bxd6

 

12

Re1

 

Every White move should be a direct threat; Black must not be given a freeing tempo.  The critical square for Black is e8.  If ..Nf6 to defend, then BxN, of course.  If ..Bd7, then 13. Qd5 poses threats.  Be7 emphasises the tactical position

 

…..

Be6

Black sets a cunning trap (often a good ploy to trip up an overconfident attacker) … if Rxe6 then ..Bxh2+  wins White's queen!

13

Qa4!

 

Avoiding the trap and setting up to win material by hitting at the knight on g4

 

…..

Nf6

If the knight stays where it is, it cannot be successfully defended.  Black chooses to let the white-squared bishop go instead but, with an immediate piece re-capture

14

Rxe6

Nxh5

 

15

Nbd2

 

Safety first!  (Before such inviting a move as      Qg4.)

 

…..

Qd7

 

16

Rae1

 

Black is still clinging on to a single pawn advantage but, with White's development now complete, the final phase of the battle can begin.  The white pieces are so strongly placed it is very hard for Black not to make a mistake.  He tries for a counter-strike

 

…..

Bb4

 

17

Rxc6

 

Now Q or b xc6 loses material, of course (18.QxB+).  Black apparently really has no choice but to take the knight …. However, knowing this will put him back in the mire and realising that White's rook is pinned, he tries a clever reply

 

…..

a5

White has a resource, though, which nullifies this …

18

Ba3!

Bd6

 

19

Bxd6+

 

19. Ne5 looks tempting but White decides not to complicate a 'won' game

 

…..

cxd6

 

20

Rc4

b5

 

21

Rf4+

Nxf4

 

22

Qxf4+

Kg8

 

23

Nd4

Rf8

 

24

Qe4

h5

 

25

Qe6+

 

White now has the material superiority to force a win so looks to reduce Black's defensive strength

 

…..

Qf7

Really achieving nothing but handing White a tempo

26

Qxf7+

Kxf7

 

27

Nxb5

d5

 

28

Nd6+

Kf6

 

29

Nf3

Rb8

 

30

Nd4

Rhd8

and resigns. It seems impossible for Black to squirm out of the mating net.  A possible continuation is 31. Re6+, Kg5  32. g3 and once the white king comes to g2, mating threats exist immediately.

 

Where a player can really score is where he books up thoroughly, especially in a little-used variation.   The next game saw the author in deep trouble against an unexpected gambit .

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Game 19.         Leicestershire League game, 1977.

                        A Aherne  v  Author.       Opening:  Petroff's Defence, Cochrane's Gambit.

 

1

e4

e5

 

2

Nf3

Nf6

 

3

Nxe5

d6

 

4

Nxf7!?

 

This certainly achieved 'shock value'.  White said after the game that this sacrifice was recommended in Bronstein's 100 best games.  As far as our game was concerned … he knew it, I didn't!

 

…..

Kxf7

 

5

d4

Be7

 

6

Nc3

c6

 

7

Bd3

Rf8?

When one meets an unexpected and unknown opening variation the general guideline is to stay cool, follow general development principles and, be prepared to return any material gained in a sacrificial attack.  The difficulty is in not making an inaccurate move but here, Black's move allows White to commence his attack ….

8

e5

dxe5

 

9

dxe5

Ng4

An attacking response.  Retreating the knight did not look too good

10

Qe2

Be6

 

11

h3

 

Here Black had feared Bxh7

 

…..

Nxf2

Retreating to h6 looked disastrous so Black chooses this moment to return material

12

0-0

 

White finds a clever reply which keeps his attack rolling

 

…..

Kg8

 

13

Rxf2

Rxf2

 

14

Qxf2

Nd7

Black is a pawn down but has drawn the teeth of the main attack.  Can he now get the pawn back also?

15

Qe2

Bc5+

 

16

Kh1

Qh4

 

17

Qe4?

 

A miscalculation – this move makes it very difficult for White to hang on to his extra pawn

 

…..

Qxe4

 

18

Nxe4

Bd4

 

19

Ng5

Nf8

 

20

Nxe6

 

A critical mistake …. 20. Bf4 (which also releases the rook on a1) is correct

 

…..

Nxe6

 

21

Bc4

Re8

 

22

Bd2

Kf8

Black must unpin the knight.  Also, he must not be tempted by ..Bxb2.  The priority is to eliminate the passed pawn on e5

23

Rf1+

Ke7

 

24

Bxe6

Kxe6

Here a draw was agreed.  (If White tries 25. Bf4, Black does not, of course play ..Bxe5???  when 26. Bxe5, Kxe5  27. Re1+ would pick up the black rook.  25 ..Kd5 wins back the pawn safely)

So much for gambits or early sacrifices here as they will be met with again in other illustrative games.  They can achieve much but, like shares, they carry an inherent risk.  As does another type of opening, the over-optimistic early attacking play which creates dangerous weaknesses in the attacker's position … this might well be called loose play.

Unless you are a tactical wizard it is best to keep it 'tight and safe' in the opening.  Several games follow later in this chapter under the sub-heading Loose play by White which clearly illustrate the dangers of that type of play, but now we switch to the advantages of the slow build-up.

Opening play featuring a slow build-up.

As the reader will observe, most of the author's games have a tendency towards striking out, where the opportunity permits, in an aggressive manner.  Playing with the white pieces then, it is rarely that the author can demonstrate the true, patient build up of forces that will sweep all before it and which will exemplify the principles of this section.  Some such games have been used, however, in different contexts but the following game will perhaps give some idea of this type of opening.  Here, it is as though White is waiting for Black to overreach himself, which is what happens.  The hardest games in this category are where White carries out his slow, methodical build up, perhaps with much manoeuvring of pieces onto better squares, only to find he is pitted against an equally patient and careful defender!  Draw?

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Game 20.         Leicestershire County 2nds v  Hunts and Peterborough , 1974.

                        Author   v  E Dalby   (board 3). Opening:  Queens Gambit Declined.

 

1

c4

e6

 

2

d4

d5

 

3

Nc3

Nf6

 

4

Nf3

Be7

 

5

g3

0-0

 

6

cxd5

 

Move 5 for White is obviously preparatory to playing Bg2 so, the pawn on c4 cannot be left en prise.  Pushing the pawn on would invite an early skirmish before White is fully prepared;  6. b3 was a possibility but invites ..Bb4

 

…..

exd5

 

7

Bg2

b6

 

8

0-0

Bb7

 

9

a3

c5

 

10

dxc5

bxc5

So far Black has played an exemplary game.  White must seek to improve the position of his pieces.  The swap-off just instigated by White leaves him with no pawns contesting the central squares.  It would seem that this violation of the principle of controlling the centre was a result of the tactical decision to attack the black bishop on b7 with Qb3 followed up with Rd1…..

11

Qb3

Qb6

Black wants to keep his strong bishop on b7.  If he defends it with the queen other than by the text move he will, maybe, have his queen on an inferior square.  Also, should White capture the black queen, Black's re-take will get rid of an isolated pawn and strengthen the c-d-pawn pair.  That must have been the logic behind Black's reply

12

Qxb6

axb6

Up until this point – which starts the middle-game phase – White had developed quietly.  Indeed, apart from the queen's sally, his pieces sit stolidly awaiting the unfolding of the great battle plan.   Now, with the black queen gone, White is free to probe with his minor pieces: their time has come!

13

Ne5

Rd8

 

14

Rd1

Ne4!?

Black seeks to exchange knights as White's on c3 is a minor irritant but, with his text move, Black allows a serious weakening of his pawn structure.  This move, which Black had failed to fully calculate the consequences of, is the turning point in the game

15

Nxe4

dxe4

 

16

Be3

f6

The advanced knight is to be driven off

17

Rxd8+

Bxd8

 

18

Rd1

Be7

 

19

Nd7

 

Far from being driven back by the move ..f6, the knight steps forward with a dangerous initiative.  The weakness of a backward pawn is now illustrated

 

…..

Na6

Black's Q-side now rapidly crumbles

20

Nxb6

 

Black is now faced with a difficult decision …. Normally he would not wish to allow a simplification by swapping off pieces but he cannot allow White unchallenged control of the d-file

 

…..

Rd8

 

21

Rxd8+

Bxd8

 

22

Nc4

Be7

 

23

Bf4

 

Black's knight, in its weakest position on the edge of the board, is cut off

 

…..

f5

 

24

e3

Bf6

White's black-squared bishop and his knight are so well placed that he can almost ignore Black's moves!

25

Bf1

Be7

 

26

Nd6

 

If Black's last move was to discourage this, he must be disappointed

 

…..

Bxd6

 

27

Bxd6

Kf7

 

28

Bxa6

Bxa6

 

29

Bxc5

 

With two connected passed pawns, White looks to have an easy win but, Black has other ideas and the annoying bishop on a6 is a problem which White must first solve

 

…..

Ke6

 

30

f3

 

White frees a path for his king but, at a price

 

…..

exf3

 

31

Kf2

Bb7

 

32

a4

g6

 

33

b4

h5

 

34

a5

g5

White should have prevented this with h4 but was perhaps overeager to get his passed pawns up the board

35

b5

g4

 

36

Bb4

 

This is not a good move – the g1/a7 diagonal is the one to be on

 

…..

Kd7

 

37

Be1

 

White's plan to exchange the positions of his king and bishop is clumsy and hard to implement

 

…..

Kd6

 

38

a6

Bd5

 

39

Bb4+

 

White abandons his former plan.  He cannot allow ..Kc5

 

…..

Kc7

 

40

Bc5

Kb8

 

41

b6

Kc8

 

42

b7+

Bxb7

(Forced!)

43

axb7+

Kxb7

 

44

e4

 

The only way

 

…..

fxe4

 

45

Ke3

Kc6

 

46

Bd4

Kd5

 

47

Bb2?

Kc4

And resigns.   Although White's last move was a time-wasting inaccuracy, Black realises that it is only a matter of time before he is forced off the key squares.  Play could continue ……   48. Bd4, Kd5  49. Ba7, Ke5  50. Bb6 (this move forces the black king to lose the opposition which it now enjoys), Kd5  51. Bd4, Kc4  52. Kxe4, Kb3  53. Kf4, Kc4  54. Ba7, Kd3  55. Kg5, Ke2  56. Kxh5, f2  57. Bxf2, Kxf2  58. Kxg4 and wins.  If, at move 50 the black king had gone the other way ….Kf5, then 51. Bd4, Kg5  52. Kxe4, h4  53. Be3+ and 54. Kf4 wins

 

This game does show, however, the power of the king when in action.  If Black had been  faced with only one passed pawn, the end might well have been different.  His king worked his socks off (do kings wear socks?) in this game but the odds were just too great.  The ending of this game should be played in the context of the use of a king in the appropriate section of chapter 4.                   

Loose play by White. A game which illustrates the dangers for White of playing loosely and with premature ideas of attack is this one, admittedly against an opponent with a special talent – grandmaster-to-be Mark Hebden.

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Game 21.          Leicestershire County Championship, 1975/76.

Author  v  M Hebden.    Opening: French Def, Exch Var - Dutch  

1

e4

e6

 

2

d4

d5

 

3

exd5

exd5

 

4

Nf3

Bd6

 

5

Nc3

Ne7

 

6

Bg5

c6

White's knight on the Q-side has blocked his c-pawn and, after Black's last move, has got some manoeuvring to do to get into the game. It is the subtlety of misplacements such as this that can help to swing a game

7

Bd3

0-0

 

8

h3

h6

White has a clear choice… carry through with the attacking threat of his sixth move by playing BxN or  retreat!  Retreat to h4 looks risky, inviting a pawn advance.  White decides to avoid complications…

9

Be3

Nd7

 

10

0-0

f5

The loss of tempo by moving the bishop out and back has handed Black the initiative

11

g3??

 

A terrible, weakening move.  Why not bring over the knight from c3 to discourage the pawn advance and bolster the king's defence?

 

…..

f4

 

12

gxf4

Bxf4

 

13

Qd2

Qc7

 

14

Ne2

Bd6

It is possible that this position could be held now but White misplaces another piece.  15. Ne1 then to g2 looks better than the text reply below although it is doubtful that the weak h-pawn could be saved (note the earlier comments on weak pawns)

15

Nh4

Nf6

 

16

Kg2

 

The poor old king is having to do the work that his army should be doing!  But, White may have thought that at last he was mustering some sort of viable defence.  The future grandmaster playing Black had other ideas

 

…..

Bxh3+!

 

17

Kxh3

Qd7+

 

18

Kg2

Qg4+

The weaknesses of an advanced or disrupted king's pawn shield plus that of a knight on the edge of the board are convincingly exposed

19

Ng3

Qxh4

 

20

Rh1

Qg4

 

21

Rh3

Ne4

 

22

Bxe4

 

22. Qe2 is better

 

…..

dxe4

 

23

Rg1

Nf5

 

24

Qe1

 

White struggles to find the correct defensive moves while still keeping half an eye on counter-chances along the g-file.  But, would Qe2 have been better?

 

…..

Bxg3

 

25

Rxg3

 

(If  25. fxg3, …Qf3+ picks up the bishop on e3)

 

…..

Nxg3

Simple technique now wins easily for Black

26

fxg3

Rf5

 

27

Rh1

Raf8

 

28

Rh4

Qf3+

 

29

Kh2

Rh5

 

30

Bf4??

 

But, there is no defence

 

…..

Rxh4+

and White resigned

 

The theme of White's vulnerability if, after playing 1.e4, he plays a 'loose' game, as shown in the above game, is repeated in the next illustration too.  The type of player who may do this is often someone confident in their ingenuity with tactics. The following game looked set to be a very tactical affair … (but, this is the type of game I enjoy.  I like to 'mix it').  However, here White became quite indecisive and his final tactical throw was unsound.  The biggest risk for the author in this particular game was that I was trying something new, deserting my tried and trusted Petroffs for the Pirc Defence.

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Game 22.         Leicestershire League game, 1975.

C Johnson  v  Author.

 

1

e4

d6

 

2

d4

Nf6

 

3

f3

 

Quite playable but, in blocking the advance of Black's K-side knight, also deprives White's own knight of its most logical developing square

 

…..

g6

 

4

Be3

Bg7

 

5

Qd2

 

This queen move, behind the Q-side bishop often signals the intention to swap off Black's powerful fianchettoed bishop

 

…..

c6

So far development on both sides has followed a normal pattern.  Black is set to castle K-side; White on the Q-side after Nc3.  Now everything goes haywire

6

g4

h6

 

7

h4

Qc7

Black must stay cool against such early aggression but this move is played with an eye on the g3 square and  a possible counter-attack

8

Nc3

a5

Making White think twice about castling Q-side

9

a4

b6

 

10

Bd3

Na6

 

11

Na2

Bb7

Has the reader noted something odd about White's play?  He seems to have put the K-side attack on hold … moves 9 to 11 have not helped his game-plan

12

Qe2

Nd7

As well as abandoning his usual defence, Black seems also to have dumped his usually firm commitment to early castling.  The 'be flexible' principle has overridden this convention in this particular game, and why? ….. To castle K-side in view of White's build up in front of that position looks to invite trouble.  But, there is no rush to do so on the Q-side either because Black's central pawns are backward (not yet targets) and still provide a strong shield

13

c3

 

White now has more territory at the price of having his king still quite vulnerable on its central throne

 

…..

c5!

Black hits at White's strong centre and seeks to open up the long diagonal for his black-squared bishop

14

Rc1

Qc8

(To free up c7 for a knight manoeuvre)

15

Qd2

Nc7

 

16

Ne2

Ba6

 

17

c4

Ne6

 

18

Bb1

 

White's play suggests a lot of inconsistency in his 'planning department'.  All right, he must respond to Black's moves but, does he have a clear plan or is he merely waiting for an opportunistic chance?  He is strangely reluctant to advance his d-pawn and the K-side attack is still stuck in cement

 

…..

cxd4

(Unusually, the first 'take' in 18 moves)

19

Nxd4

Ne5

Threatening both Q and K-sides!

20

0-0

 

Belated …and risky now that the king's normal shield has been advanced so far up the board

 

…..

Qb7

Black has half an eye on h1 as he moves his queen to a safer square

21

Nxe6

fxe6

This normally weakening of Black's pawn structure actually creates a nice shield for the king

22

b3

Nf7

 

23

Nc3

g5

 

24

hxg5?

 

Although this wins a pawn, White should play h5.  Why open up the file for Black's rooks?

 

…..

hxg5

 

25

Bxg5

Kd7

 

26

Be3

Rh3

 

27

Rf2

Rah8

 

28

Kf1

Ne5

 

29

Qd4

Bf6

If we consider now just how much Black has achieved for the pawn sacrifice … his attack has gathered an unstoppable momentum.  The text move now allows a concealed attack on the White queen to be launched.  If White plays the logical- looking Qxb6, Black has lined up some nasty threats.  At the time control, however, it is the tactical White who suddenly gambles on a sacrificial attack!  His idea is to open up the attacking diagonal of the bishop on b1.

30

Nd5!?

exd5

 

31

exd5

Rh1+

 

32

Ke2

Rxc1

 

33

Bxc1

 

White threw away his chance of Qxb6 but now worse is to come

 

…..

Nxc4

 

34

Bf5+

Kc7

 

35

Qf4

 

The forced queen move leaves the concealed check on the king by the a6-bishop

 

…..

Nb2+

 

36

Ke1

Rh1+

and White resigned

 top

Another game that illustrates White's overconfidence and consequent loose play is the following.  Here the author is too eager to attack and makes a bad assessment of Black's position, thinking it is weaker than it really is, thus taking alarming risks.  It doesn't help again that Black is another Leicestershire future grandmaster and, although the author was not to know that, he really should have attacked from a more solid base.

 

Game 23.         Leicestershire County Championship, 1975/76.

            Author  v  G Flear.    Opening:  Giuoco Piano.

 

1

e4

e5

 

2

Nf3

Nc6

The favourite continuation then as now would be the Ruy Lopez, 3. Bb5.  But I used to prefer the simpler but natural – though considered by many outdated – Giuoco Piano

3

Bc4

Nf6

 

4

d4

exd4

 

5

Bg5

h6

 

6

Bh4

 

e5 is probably stronger and more combative

 

…..

g5

 

7

Bg3

Bc5

The opening is almost played through – early in this game!

8

h4

 

White decides to 'mix it' before his opponent can castle Q-side

 

…..

Nxe4

 

9

hxg5

d5!

A strong move, cutting out one of White's threats and developing the white-squared bishop

10

Bb5

Qe7

Black clouds are gathering; White needs to play very accurately

11

Qe2

 

White has no easy answers but, possibly, Be5 was stronger as it poses immediate threats and the B remaining on g3 looks a sitting duck

 

…..

Bg4

Black tightens the screw

12

Bxc6+

bxc6

 

13

Rxh6

 

Having created a hole on Black's Q-side, White 'goes for it'

 

…..

0-0-0

 

14

Qa6+

 

In a precarious position, White should have played Nbd2 but gambles on the faint possibility of a perpetual check

 

…..

Kb8

 

15

Bxc7+

Kxc7

 

16

Rxc6+

Kb8

 

17

Qb5+

Bb6

 

18

Rxb6+

axb6

 

19

Qxb6+

Qb7

At last the Black queen is removed from the e-file… but at what cost!  White has used up his attackers and is a whole rook down.  His perpetual did not emerge, of course.  Now, it is just a matter of technique for the future GM

20

Qxb7+

Kxb7

 

21

Ke2?

 

But the game is lost.  If  21.Ng1, Rh1 22.Kf1, Be2+!

 

…..

Rh1

 

22

Kd3

Rd1+

 

23

Nfd2

Nxd2

 

24

Nxd2

Rxa1

And wins

Time, gentlemen, please!

 Another factor to be considered if playing with a clock is how to squeeze out the biggest time advantage.  By this I mean using your own allocated time to the greatest advantage but, also, if your opponent is running short of time, give him moves which will make him think!

On the first of these points – and the reason this section comes under the general heading of Opening Play – use the opening phase to move quickly, for every extra second you can give yourself to solve the growing complexity of the middle game (and sometimes the endgame) the better.  If you are playing openings where your opponents are regularly making you think early on, then either book yourself up on the moves or try simpler openings, that is, those with fewer variations.  Conversely, especially if you are playing with the white pieces maybe, slip in something sound but not seen often … to make your opponent think!

To gain time in the openings I do not recommend the reader to adopt all the most frequently used openings!  Get off the beaten track.

In the following game I made good use of my opponent's battle with the clock (eventually!)……

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Game 24.         Leicestershire League game, 1976.

            H Hryniszak  v  Author.            Opening:  Bishops Opening.

 

1

e4

e5

 

2

Bc4

 

This choice of opening almost reverses the direction of my comments above as, wanting to play Petroffs and not meeting this opening of White's very often, Black has to give some thought to his replies

 

…..

Nf6

 

3

d3

c6

 

4

Bg5

Be7

 

5

Nc3

d6

 

6

f4

 

Another unexpected move, sacrificing a pawn for the attack – but is this rather premature?

 

…..

exf4

 

7

Bxf4?

 

White has lost tempi

 

…..

0-0

 

8

Nf3

d5

With all White's pieces out and 'ready to go', Black decides he must have more space.  Also, if White can be drawn into complications with his king still in the middle of the board, who knows?

9

exd5

cxd5

 

10

Bb3

d4!?

A two-edged move.  Black chooses to push his tenuous initiative before the white king castles

11

Ne2

Nc6

 

12

0-0

Bg4

 

13

a3

h6

 

14

h3

 

At this point Black's thinking time to the time-control has been reduced to only 30 minutes

 

…..

Bh5

 

15

Qd2

 

(At this stage the reader may be forgiven for wondering, who really did win this game? – White's pieces are nicely developed and it is Black who is getting short of time)

 

…..

Bxf3

 

16

Rxf3

Nd5

This move tempts White into swapping off his white-squared bishop.  This will leave Black's K-side pawns free to advance

17

Bxd5

Qxd5

 

18

Raf1

g5!

White has played the game almost 'to book'.  If Black sits back to defend, he may be on the end of a very powerful attack.  He decides to make White do some thinking by using his K-side pawn majority

19

Bh2

f5

 

20

Ng3

f4

 

21

Ne4

Ne5

 

22

R(3)f2

Ng6

 

23

Qd1

Kg7

 

24

Qg4

Rad8

 

25

Qe2

 

It is White who now has 'clock trouble' … he must make his next 5 moves almost instantaneously, a recipe for disaster but…. Black must keep the pressure on and make White think!

 

…..

Rde8

Hidden pressure on the queen

26

g3

 

White does not help his own cause by playing tactically and riskily at this moment

 

…..

Bd6

Here White lost on time.  Black set out to create a very complex situation which needed more than just a few seconds to resolve

           

That one careless move!       This can be one of the hardest weaknesses to overcome.  A player can play with great precision through the opening moves and, perhaps, be sitting with a fine attack in prospect or certainly a comfortably balanced position.  Then, bang; as suddenly as a flash of lightning, a losing move is made.

Chess is a game requiring one hundred percent concentration for one hundred percent of the game.  One of the biggest factors in improving one's play would be to train one's mind to this.  Easier said than done!  It can happen at any time if you are a careless player but I would suggest it mostly happens for one of two main reasons (and I don't think a distracting noise is one of them) …. 1. If you are in a position where the game looks fairly simple and no threat and counter-threat situation has yet developed (or, where such a period has been played through), it is then that our lazy brains relax.  They only do as much work as they have to!  2.  When you have achieved a 'won' position.  Again, your brain says "Hard work done; time to put my feet up".  This is my particular bug-bear for I have let several strong players, even a county champion or two, off the hook by blundering away 'won' games.  This despite reading a chess book once wherein a whole chapter was devoted to " How to lose a won game. " [See the later section in the middle game chapter entitled Blunders lose!]

The following game was played against a solid and formidable opponent and he certainly wasn't going to make many errors in the opening. 

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Game 25.         Leicestershire County Championship, 1975/76.

Author  v  A Freyer.    Opening:  Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation.

 

1

e4

c5

 

2

Nf3

Nc6

 

3

d4

cxd4

 

4

Nxd4

Nf6

 

5

Nc3

g6

 

6

f4

d6

 

7

h3

Bg7

 

8

Be3

Nd7

 

9

Qd2

a6

 

10

0-0-0

 

These moves may have been played thousands of times.  An opening sequence so well known that, I would suggest, Black's mind has gone into 'cruise' mode.  Surely he could not make a fatal error so soon?  But here it comes …

 

…..

Nc5???

Not a glaring one is it, even now?

11

Nxc6

bxc6

 

12

Bxc5

 

And, horror of horrors for Black – he can't re-take the piece

 

…..

Qa5

 

13

Bd4

e5

 

14

fxe5

dxe5

After the initial blunder Black must have thought than nothing worse could happen.  But, of course, it could ….

15

Bc5!!

Be6

 

16

Qd6

 

Black resigns  (The queen threatens mate on e7 but, also, Qxc6+)

 

Being 'in love with an opening'.         A big danger in opening play is that of becoming too fond of a particular opening or, a particular line in an opening.  Even so, if you are continually getting good results with a favourite there may not be sufficient reason to change.  But, one thing to beware of is that the focus on openings does change and the knowledge of your particular favourite and how to tackle it may gradually being improved.  Opening theory develops.  Sometimes the moment arrives to move on: to seek pastures new.

The signs can be, where you gradually find yourself meeting more often those lines which 'your' opening has the hardest struggle against …. and also, as you (having read and digested this book) begin to meet opponents with better opening theory!

It is very pleasing for the author to be able to include a game where he has performed well and ended up with a deserved victory.  Sometimes, strangely, it can also be quite satisfying to play through a game where the opponent has played a wonderfully composed game – and especially so where that opponent was at the very tender age of only twelve.  The following game is one such – and you will quickly see how it ties in with the preceding paragraph …..

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Game 26.         Nottinghamshire Chess league; division one.  2004.

                        Author  v  D Wells.       Opening:  Q's pawn

1

d4

Nf6

 

2

e3

d5

 

3

Bd3

 

Here White plays his adopted concealed lead-up to the Stonewall Attack.  The text move is not only 'camouflage' but discourages ..Ne4 and stops the black Q-side bishop from being posted onto a powerful diagonal

 

…..

Nc6

Here the usual response is the counter-attacking ..c5.  My usual line virtually depends on this.  The text move is also played by Fritz in our occasional encounters but that does nothing to alleviate the annoying dilemma it poses for White …. This knight move threatens ..e5 but if White stops that with his intended f4 move, then Black jumps the knight up to b4 and White, left with no good bishop move, will lose this vital attacking piece (also, Black solves the problem of a 'poor' Q-side knight).  After some (despondent) thought, White reasons that his young opponent – whom he had drawn with as Black only a few weeks before and who had played very conservatively in the opening on that occasion -  would not play the aggressive ..e5 so, he bolsters his d-pawn …..

 

4

c3

e5!

Wrong!  Black does not hang about in this game

5

dxe5

 

White cannot leave 'on' the threatened ..e4

 

…..

Nxe5

 

6

Be2

 

White had Hobson's choice here – either abandon the b1-h7 diagonal to the white bishop, which he has done, or allow Black control of the equally threatening d1-h5 diagonal.  After Black's obvious follow-up, White's problems begin to multiply like a colony of rabbits on Viagra

 

…..

Bf5

 

7

Nf3

 

Forcing off one of the tormentors

 

…..

Nxf3

 

8

Bxf3

c6

 

9

Nd2

Bd6

 

10

0-0

0-0

 

11

Re1

Re8

 

12

c4!

 

White makes an attempt at counter-play but his big problem is his black-squared bishop.  To d2 is doubtful: to b2 will need some preparation …. But, with his other bishop placed where it is, action on the Q-side looks favourite

 

…..

Ne4

 

13

Bxe4

 

White felt slightly easier at this point …. if ..Bxe4 then 14. f3.  If ..dxe4 then the cramping threats by the bishop on d3, c2 and b1 are removed for a while

 

…..

dxe4

 

14

a3

 

White needs the knight so cannot allow it to be pinned.  Also, the text move will allow b4 freeing the bishop

 

…..

Qh4

White had, of course, seen this strong attack on his king looming but had looked little further (giving a lot of time to the problem of his bishop) than the strong defensive move Nf1.  Now he realises that that would allow ..Bg4.  White decides on a freeing move which will either shut out the threatening bishop on d6 or, open up his clogged-up defence …..

15

f4!?

 

White belatedly realises that the plus of shutting out the bishop may be compromised by the vulnerability of his rook (after ..Bg4).  The only saving response would be 16. g3

 

…..

Re6

White is now living on a knife edge but this otherwise strong move by Black gives him the time for an ingenious defensive manoeuvre…..

16

Qe2!

Bg4

(Too late now)

17

Qf2

 

And white's defence is looking more secure

 

…..

Qxf2

 

18

Kxf2

 

A sigh of relief.  The most powerful attacker gone!

 

…..

f5

 

19

Ra2

Rae8

 

20

b4

 

White was beginning to feel more comfortable now ….but class opponents don't 'go away' that easily ……

 

…..

Bxf4!

White had not seen this coming.  However, studying the consequences, all looked to be defendable

21

exf4

e3+

 

22

Kf1

exd2

 

23

Bxd2

 

Here, the author had anticipated a rook swap-off so, offered a draw which was declined

 

…..

Be2+

(Picking up a free pawn, thank you very much)

24

Kf2

Bxc4

 

25

Rxe6

Rxe6

 

26

Rb2

 

White assesses the damage.  Although a pawn down, the opposite colour-squared bishops should present enough problems for Black in converting the extra pawn into a win for the game to be drawn

 

The game has jumped on from the illustration regarding opening play (White never did get to play his beloved Stonewall!).  The following ending should really be played through in the context of end play technique.  Quite inspiring, despite the author's blunder on move 34, is how his opponent plays it coolly and correctly with all the aplomb of a GM.

 

 

…...

Kf7

Despite the inviting move ..Re2+, Black correctly brings his king across to the action as an extra piece (even if it does allow White to get his bishop onto a useful diagonal, gaining a tempo thereby)

27

Be3

a6

 

28

Rd2

Bd5

 

29

g3

 

(To free up the king and the rook from defensive duties)

 

…..

Re4

 

30

Rd4

 

White puts his faith on king and bishop of opposing colour holding

 

…..

Ke6

Notice how Black saves a tempo …. Let White capture first

31

Rxe4+

 

I believe this is better than 31. Ke2 when ..Bc4+ puts the bishop on a good diagonal.  White's problem, of course, is to deny access to the black king on either flank

 

…..

Bxe4

 

32

Bd4

g6

 

33

Ke3

Kd5

 

34

a4??

 

The losing move.  White, naturally enough, wants to get his pawn to a5 when his position is rock-like.  He has seen Black's counter to the text move but, once more not looking further ahead, assumed that 35. Bc5 is adequate.  As we shall see, it certainly is not.  White should have played 34. Bb2, Kc4 35. Kd2, Kb3  36. Bc1 (not Kc1 which loses).  If White can hold the pawn on a3, Black's only option is to advance his pawns, which should whittle down to a single, black passed pawn.  This, White should hold

 

…..

Kc4

 

35

Bc5

a5!

Of course!  Black's supremacy will soon now be two pawns, enough to win.  Black carries on with faultless technique despite an interesting but ultimately futile 'throw' by White

36

Kd2

axb4

 

37

Bd6

b3

 

38

Ba3

 

The black king is blocked off – but, this is only a temporary setback …..

 

….

c5

 

39

h3!?

 

With the game already 'lost' White attempts one last but futile strategy.  Knowing that at any time the black king could strike across the board to get at his backward pawns he chooses to make the backward pawn the f-pawn.  Then, he can perhaps use his bishop, on e5, to defend that and to help stop the pawn queening on the Q-side.  A tall order!  And, the cost will be another pawn down

 

…..

Bg2

(Another bonus, of course, will be that the black bishop will be 'off his back' for a while)

40

g4

Bxh3

 

41

g5

Bg2

The bishop dutifully scuttles back to the scene of action

42

a5

 

As good an attempt as any

 

…..

Be4

 

43

Bb2

Kb5

 

44

Bc3

b2!

This settles the issue

45

Bxb2

Kxa5

White could well have resigned now (if not earlier) but he still harboured some vague possibility of sacrificing his bishop for the two advancing pawns and then fast-tracking it across to the pawn on h7.  He was thinking of the black bishop having the futile job of trying to defend from behind the pawns.  Of course, should the threat arise, the black bishop merely moves across and finally onto the h5 square!  In the event, Black, still in GM mode, snuffs out any such possibility

46

Kc3

b5

 

47

Kb3

Bd5+

 

48

Kc3

b4+

 

49

Kc2

c4

 

50

Be5

Ka4

 

51

Kb2

Be4

 

52

Bd4

Kb5

 

53

Be5

c3+

 

54

Kb3

Bd5+

 

55

Kc2

Kc4

(A lesson here – keep your king with the passed pawn or pawns)

56

Kd1

b3

 

57

Kc1

b2+

And White resigned

 

Although I think White missed (or muffed) his chances of a draw when he lost the second Q-side pawn, the game as a whole is an object lesson in how to press home slight advantages until something gives.                          

Lastly, to conclude this section, I would like the reader to consider the following game.  The reason I have included it in this chapter is because I wished to illustrate a further point with regard to the opening phase ....  Do not introduce a new and untested variation into one of your openings in a 'serious' game.  Try it out first before you arrive at a league or tournament game.  Here, the author on a whim decided to try out a new variation of an opening he regularly used to avoid an annoying line.  The result was a horrendous opening which, somehow our hero struggled out of.

This game, though, could have appeared in any section in this book. The other themes it will illustrate are …1. Not castling early. 2. Simplifying too soon.  3. A winning combination.  4. The consequences of time pressure. 5. Letting your opponent off the hook.  6.  End-game play. Etc, etc.  This game literally has everything!!! (including high drama).

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Game 27.         Grantham Club Tournament, 2003.

            Author  v  F Jones.       Opening: Stonewall Attack, Unorthodox.

 

1

d4

d5

 

2

e3

Nf6

 

3

Bd3

c5

 

4

c3

Nc6

 

5

f4

 

White has played his favourite 'concealed' Stonewall Attack (although his opponent was well aware of his predilection for this opening).

 

…..

Bg4

Fritz also seems to like playing this response and with good results for Black

6

Qc2!?

 

White 'plucks this idea out of thin air' to avoid a line he dislikes (but which is quite sound).  This can be a recipe for disaster

 

…..

e6

 

7

b3

 

This is also never played by the Author.  Here, it becomes yet another weakening move

 

…..

cxd4

 

8

exd4

 

White is pleased that Black has helped him to remove the weak, backward e-pawn.  Unfortunately for White, the purpose was to create another!

 

…..

Rc8

 

9

Qb2

Qc7

 

10

Be3

Bd6

 

11

g3

0-0

If we step back now and study the position we can see starkly the consequences of White's ill-judged move 6.       Black has obtained virtually a perfect position.  His development is complete with everything on the right squares and he is poised for attack.  White's position is, quite frankly, a shambles.  What can Black make of his threats?

12

Nd2

Bf5

 

13

Qb1!

 

Quite rightly, White does not want to aid black's plan of opening a central file for an attack on the king with his rooks – or, to concede the diagonal to the bishop

 

…..

Ne7

Revealing yet another threat

14

Ne2

Ng4?

An obvious looking move but ..Ne4 is surely more in keeping with the attack on the c-pawn.  This text move is, perhaps, more speculative

15

Nf1

 

The one saving grace for White is the space he has … this allows his knights to manoeuvre - and they do a sterling job of defending

 

…..

Bxd3

(One attacking piece less!)

16

Qxd3

f6

Black's plan is still, correctly, to open up the e-file

17

h3

Nxe3

 

18

Nxe3

e5!?

Although both players are running short of time after their deliberations in the opening – Black to find the correct attacking line: White to hang on. – Black is committed to opening up the centre …. Although he has seen that it will cost him a pawn!

19

dxe5

fxe5

 

20

Nxd5

Nxd5

 

21

Qxd5+

Kh8

The game is poised on a knife-edge.  White may be a pawn up but, with the badly placed rooks and the opening position, he has plenty to worry about

22

Rd1

 

White uses the tempo he gained from the check to counter-attack

 

…..

Rfd8

Was this the correct rook to come to d8?  Obviously Black wants to maintain his powerhouse attack along the c-file

23

Qf3

 

Every placement of the white pieces will be critical for the next series of moves

 

…..

exf4

 

24

gxf4

Re8

 

25

0-0

 

(The author doesn't usually find himself castling this late in the game!)

 

…..

Rf8

The attacking rook seems to be constantly thwarted

26

c4

 

White finds a moment to make his c-pawn safe

 

…..

Rf6

 

27

Kh1

Rcf8

 

28

Rd4

g5!?

With both players in severe time-trouble (the control at 30 moves), Black 'goes for it'

29

Qc3

 

Lining up a crafty attack on Black's king to stop the ..gxf4 take

 

…..

Kg8

Black gets the king off that threatened diagonal … but puts it onto an equally vulnerably file

30

Rg1

Bxf4

(A double sigh of relief as the time-control is reached … but, there is now only fifteen minutes each to finish the game!)

31

Nxf4

Rxf4

 

32

Rxg5+

Kf7

Although the Black king has been forced onto a not ideal square, splitting the rooks, everything looks to be adequately defended ….

33

Rg7+!!!

 

Probably the best combinational move of the author's career!

 

…..

Kxg7

 

34

Rd7+

Kg6

 

35

Qg7+

Kh5

 

36

Qxh7+

Kg5

 

37

Qg7+

Kh4

 

38

Rxc7

???

 

Although a growing shortage of time is, perhaps, a mitigating factor, this was a terrible mistake.  White should have clinched the win by first eliminating the threat from the rooks by forcing the black king down the board to his fate.  The black queen could be taken at any time, thus …. 38. Qh6+ , Kg3  39. Qg5+, Kxh3  40. Qg2+, Kh4  41. Rxc7 now, if the Rf1+ move is played, White threatens mate after Kh2.  If, after White's move 39. Black plays ..Kf2 (Kf3 could lead to mate) then, 40. Rxc7 wins.  White failed to analyse this because of the time shortage and only felt that the black king being driven towards his own would help the black rooks entrap the white king

 

…..

Rf1+

 

39

Kh2

R(8)f2+

 

40

Qg2

Rxg2

 

41

Kxg2

Ra1

 

42

Rxb7

Rxa2+

 

43

Kf3

a5

 

44

Ke3

Ra3

 

45

Kd4

a4

Here, Black offered a draw which White hastily accepted.  One can forget the final position as both players are down to their last remaining seconds so, neither could play out a result.  The offer of a draw, however, was an act of true sporting gallantry as White was bound to lose the contest of dwindling seconds!

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